Thyroid desease like hashimoto, eye, grave, gland, hyperthyroidism, ophthalmopathy

THYROID DESEASE

Introduction: Thyroid is not an unknown term anymore. It is the two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates which is placed in the front, on the either sides of the trachea in the human throats. It produces stores and emits different hormones like tri-iodothyronine and Thyrocalcitonin. Thyrocalcitonin hormone helps managing serum calcium by diminishing its levels. Thyroxin and Triiodothyronine the iodine containing hormones, manage metabolic rate in the warm blooded creatures that are vital for overall growth and developments. For producing this, the thyroid gland gathers inorganic iodides from the blood stream and combines them with the amino acids – tyrosine. This complete function is controlled by thyrotrophic hormone from the inner lobe of the pituitary gland.

Types: Basically there are two types of thyroid desease, both of which consisting of several sub-categories. They are:

Hypothyroidism – under active: Hashimoto's thyroiditis / thyroiditis, Ord's thyroiditis, postoperative hypothyroidism, postpartum thyroiditis, silent thyroiditis, acute thyroiditis and iatrogenic hypothyroidism.

Hyperthyroidism – over active: Thyroid storm, Graves-Basedow disease, toxic thyroid nodule or swelling, toxic nodular struma or Plummer's disease, Hashitoxicosis, iatrogenic hyperthyroidism and De Quervain thyroiditis - inflammation starting as hyperthyroidism, can end as hypothyroidism.

Causes: Various factors are responsible of causing thyroid diseases, such as: Hypothyroidism: inflammation of the thyroid gland, inhibiting hormone production; inherent immune problems, deficiency of iodine and non-functional thyroid gland. Whereas the causes for hyperthyroidism may be: over activeness of complete thyroid gland producing excessive hormones; over active nodules within the thyroid; thyroiditis which is a painful disorder discharging stored hormones and excessive iodine levels.

Symptoms: there may be different symptoms experienced in both the thyroid conditions, such as: for hypothyroidism: fatigue, frequently heavy menstrual periods, absentmindedness, weight gain, dry / coarse skin and hair, hoarse voice quality and prejudice to cold. Whereas in case of the hyperthyroidism: nervousness or irritability, tremors or muscle weakness, irregular and negligible menstrual periods, weight loss, disturbed sleep habits, enlarged thyroid gland, vision problem of irritated eye conditions and sensitivity to heat.

Diagnosis: Diagnosing this ailment is problematic as its symptoms resemble with various other conditions. On the basis of several requisite tests known as thyroid stimulating hormone-TSH which helps recognizing thyroid disorders even before appearance of its symptoms. If the disease is tracked in the preliminary stage only, treatment can easily control it pre-onset of its symptoms.

Treatment: Treating thyroid helps bringing blood levels of thyroid hormones to normalcy. Certain oral medications usually prescribed for treating thyroids.

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